Irrigation is a key component of sustainable development. Without proper irrigation, cities in Australia, such as Melbourne, do not remain healthy. The standard irrigation requirements for a typical household in Melbourne start at just over $ 129. What are the various factors which affect irrigation rates in Melbourne? The type of land and the size of the region play major roles in determining the costs for irrigation.
Apart from land use and the size of the region, the weather and climatic conditions also impact upon the water demands of a household. For example, in winter, when temperatures are cold and damp, more water is needed to provide for the basic needs of the household such as washing water, taking out the garbage and cleaning the laundry water. Costs for water irrigation in a case study of Melbourne families include both the long-term maintenance cost (to pay contractors) and the short-term water demand (to take showers, baths or laundry water).
There are two main types of household water supply in Melbourne, namely groundwater and stormwater. In a case study of Melbourne families, greywater is typically used for drinking, showering and domestic purpose. This can either be treated for use in the household or released into the environment. Treatment of greywater involves the removal of pathogens that may be present in it. This process is referred to as bioclimatisation.
One major advantage of household greywater reuse in Melbourne is its cost efficiency. It is cost-effective as compared to tap water, since it does not require installation of tanks, piping, filters and other heavy and costly plumbing work. The treatment involves low maintenance cost and does not emit any toxic gases during the process of bioclimatisation. Moreover, the bioclimatisation of household greywater also reduces household waste by retaining soil and improving soil fertility.
There are several benefits of household greywater reuse in the Melbourne regions. With the use of greywater, the cost of household water gets reduced, especially when compared to other means of household irrigation such as groundwater. With household greywater, the need for water is less because there is no requirement for ground water. This reduces the pressure on ground water systems and improves the overall quality of household irrigation.
Moreover, the use of untreated greywater has other advantages as well. Unlike irrigation through ground water, the volume of untreated greywater does not exceed the sewage treatment standards. This reduces the risks of diseases that are carried by water, particularly gastrointestinal diseases.
Some of the pathogens that grow in untreated greywater can remain unidentified, if not treated through other means. When it comes to household laundry water, one of these unidentified pathogens could be the cause of botulism. A recent case study by the University of Melbourne revealed that aflatoxin was present in two out of eight household laundry water samples. The highest level of atflatoxin was found in the most contaminated sample.
To address the concerns mentioned above, the Victorian Government has developed an Eco QMRA program to monitor the supply of household laundry water and identify potential risks to aquatic systems. The QMRA defines a QMRA-certified facilitator as someone who has undertaken specialist training related to QMRA activities. The QMRA also requires that the facilitator carries a QMRA Practitioner Release Form in order to practise as a QMRA Certified Specialist. The purpose of this release form is to protect the interests of vulnerable QMHA holders under the QMHA system. The QMHA has also developed a QMHA Certification website for businesses and organisations that require training and information regarding the QMHA system. This website provides training resources and application procedures that an organisation can use to become a certified holder.
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